Friday, August 22, 2014

A Session To Get Your Rhythm Back After A Bit Of A Funk


Upcoming Swim Smooth Clinics / Camps:

Twickenham Video Analysis
Full information here

Lancaster SS Squad
Full information here

Lancaster UK, Video
Analysis Consultations

Full information here

Richmond/Wimbledon Workshops
Full information here

Prague Junior Swim Club
Full information here

West Lothian
Video Analysis

Full information here

Acton Video Analysis
Full information here

Richmond SS Squad
Full information here and here

Swim/Tri Camps Alicante
All year round
Full information: here

Salisbury 1to1 Analysis
Full information here

Salisbury SS Squad
Full information here




For more info on SS Certified Coaches see here
Here's a neat swim session to work on the rhythm of your stroke. It's a lot of fun to try, in fact many of the Swim Smooth squad in Perth said it was probably the best squad session they've ever swum - wow!

##any other intro thoughts on it paul?#
##i'm assuming the warmup is all fins or are we taking them off for the breathing 100s?##

The Un-Funking Session

You will need a Finis Tempo Trainer Pro for this session and also know how to perform the Scull #1, Doggy Paddle and Javelin Drills.

Warmup All Wearing Fins:

100m Javelin Drill
100m Breathing every 3 strokes
100m Javelin Drill
100m Breathing left every 4 strokes
100m Javelin Drill
100m Breathing every 6 strokes (right on way up the pool, left on way back down)
100m Javelin Drill
100m Breathing every 7 strokes
100m Javelin Drill
100m Breathing every 6 strokes (right on way up the pool, left on way back down)
100m Javelin Drill
100m Breathing right every 4 strokes
100m Javelin Drill
100m Breathing every 3 strokes
100m Javelin Drill

Then with Tempo Trainer Pro in Mode 3:
2x 50m at 55 SPM
2x 50m at 65 SPM
2x 50m at 75 SPM
2x 50m at 85 SPM
2x 50m at 75 SPM
2x 50m at 65 SPM
2x 50m at 55 SPM
Swim each 50m as:

12½m Scull #1
+ 12½m Doggy Paddle
+ 25m Freestyle to stroke rate

Take 5 seconds rest after every 50m.
Lastly:

Pick what stroke rate felt 'optimal' from the previous set. This doesn't have to be exactly 55 or 65 etc - it could be 58 or 63 etc.

Now swim:

200m at this self-selected stroke rate
2 or 4x 50m at 2 SPM below
2 or 4x 50m at 2 SPM above

What do you notice? What feels good?



#closing thoughts?#

Remember when it comes to rhythm don't over-think it - FEEL IT!

Swim Smooth!

Friday, August 15, 2014

The Swim Smooth Model Of Squad Coaching


Upcoming Swim Smooth Clinics / Camps:

Twickenham Video Analysis
Full information here

Lancaster SS Squad
Full information here

Lancaster UK, Video
Analysis Consultations

Full information here

Richmond/Wimbledon Workshops
Full information here

Prague Junior Swim Club
Full information here

West Lothian
Video Analysis

Full information here

Acton Video Analysis
Full information here

Richmond SS Squad
Full information here

Swim/Tri Camps Alicante
All year round
Full information: here

Salisbury 1to1 Analysis
Full information here




For more info on SS Certified Coaches see here
Even for experienced coaches it takes at least a year of intensive training to become a Swim Smooth Certified Coach. Perhaps the most famous part of that journey is the compulsory trip out to Perth Western Australia for immersive work with the Swim Smooth Squads.

Our Perth setup is the perfect place for our coaches to train. Paul Newsome and his local coaching team run 12 separate squads totalling around 400 swimmers of all ability levels per week. Over just the last 3 years Paul has also personally performed over 5,400 video analysis and stroke correction sessions and our certified coaches many thousands more.

Together with our international clinics and coach-education work this creates a unique 'engine-room' of coaching which allows us to deliver you the innovative and supremely effective coaching system that is Swim Smooth.

One of the SS squads in Perth preparing for a CSS set.

During their trip each Swim Smooth coach works intensively with us to perfect their observation, analysis and stroke correction skills. But just as importantly, they see the Swim Smooth Squads in action and coach with them themselves to understand why they are so successful at developing swimmers of any level. It's very important that each Swim Smooth coach understands and has direct experience with this model so that they can re-create it when they return to their home location to work with their local swimmers.

The Swim Smooth Model For Squad Coaching

You can see our full list of Certified Coaches here but if you are not lucky enough to have a Swim Smooth coach close to you, here is an outline of some of the key training principles they employ from Perth. Whether you are training with some friends or operating a triathlon club, you can use this advice to improve the effectiveness of your own swim sessions:

Principle 1: A Constant Focus On 'The Three Keys'

The swimmers who improve the most follow a rounded program bringing together in unison the three key areas of swimming development:

- Stroke Technique
- Swim Specific Fitness (particularly a focus on CSS training for distance swimming)
- Open Water Skills

You can think of each of these as being worth roughly the same amount of time to you. For instance, if you wanted to take 6 minutes off your 1500m time you might look to take 2 minutes from your stroke technique, 2 minutes from your swim specific fitness and 2 minutes from your open water skills. This is far and away the most effective way to make large improvements over time.

Practise your open water skills at least once a week all year round
- either in open water or in the pool (see here)

The simplest way to bring The Three Keys into your own training is to swim three sessions a week with one session focused on each one*. Consistency is critical, performing these sessions all year round (like Mega Mega) will constantly and progressively improve your swimming.

It's important to realise that this rounded approach to your swimming preparation is extremely effective for all levels of swimmer. Newer swimmers shouldn't solely work on stroke technique as with poor fitness levels they simply won't be able to sustain their stroke and being overly focused with technique can easily develop a stroke style that seriously holds them back in open water.

*To see how we structure things to maintain that balance if you are swimming more or less than three times per week see the skeleton structures in the Swim Smooth Book

Principle 2: Set Goals & Track Progress

We use a variety of apps to record multiple
split times within the squads.
Not setting meaningful short terms goals is one of the most common mistakes swimmers make. Set yourself specific and measurable goals over a fixed time period is extremely motivating and keeps your training focused. In a club setup you can set goals for a group of swimmers or a whole swim lane.

For example your goal might be:

Knock 5 seconds per 100m off my CSS pace over the next 8 weeks
or
Become comfortable breathing bilaterally over the next 4 weeks

Regularly measure your performances to see how you are progressing, a CSS test every 6-8 weeks might be the perfect way of doing this.

In the group/club situation announce a date for each test session and time each other's performances. Or if you are the coach, time everyone in the group and send out the results as part of your coaching service.

What do you do when you've met your goal? Easy - set another to keep yourself constantly moving forwards!

Principle 3: Don't Mix Coaching Philosophies

We see this a lot from self-coached athletes who pick different pieces of coaching advice from different sources and try and join them together to 'create the best of all worlds'. Unfortunately this just doesn't work! Instead commit for a period of time (perhaps 6 months) to a specific philosophy (e.g. Swim Smooth) and follow every aspect of that approach diligently.

At the end of the period objectively assess the results. How are you performing relative to your goals? How much faster are you? Should you continue full-steam ahead or if you haven't improved do you need to change philosophies?

The Swim Smooth coaching philosophy works for a huge range of swimmers from
beginners right through to elite competitors. Make sure you use the whole package though.

In a club, a similar problem might exist where you have different coaches following different training philosophies and ideas - pulling the swimmers in different directions and likely overloading them with conflicting advice. As a club, objectively assess what really works for your swimmers and stick with it!

Remember that to see improvements from any program you need to be consistent with your training - do the program and yourself justice by not missing sessions or skimping on parts of your preparation.

Principle 4: Use Beepers!

A very practical tip this one: Use Finis Tempo Trainer Pros in lap-interval mode to set your training pace. The principle here is very simple, set a target pace per 25m and push-off when the beep goes, then simply pace your swim so you don't get ahead or behind the beep every 25m. This improves your pace judgement and improves the accuracy of your training intensity.

Megan waits 5 seconds before setting off behind the swimmer in front.

In a club situation have the lead swimmer in each lane use the beeper with the other swimmers following behind at 5 or 10 seconds gaps. All they have to do is maintain the gap to swim at the target pace - if they drop off slightly then no problem, they'll rejoin the group at the end of each swim. Of course as a coach it's critical to know your swimmers to set the intensity accurately for them for different training sets.

Training in a group can never quite be as specific for the individual as training alone but the motivation and enjoyment of swimming in a group more than makes up for this. It could be just what you need to take some big strides forward with your swimming.

Principle 5: Get The Distances Right

With the exception of Red Mist sessions, our squad sessions generally run for an hour. Depending on your ability level you should normally look to cover the following distances:

1:50-2:20/100m CSS pace - approx. 2300m (Lane 1)
1:35-1:50/100m CSS pace - approx. 2700m (Lane 2)
1:25-1:35/100m CSS pace - approx. 3000m (Lane 3)
1:15-1:25/100m CSS pace - approx. 3300m (Lane 4)*

If you are swimming shorter sessions than that, then a lack of training volume could be a factor in what is holding you back.

* Swimmers faster than 1:15/100m are at the elite level and will generally swim for longer than an hour in a training session.

Principle 6: Use The Right Kit

As you might have noticed we're big fans of Finis swimming equipment for stroke correction and training purposes. We recommend their kit not because of any relationship with them but because we've found it very well designed and super-effective for improving swimmers' stroke technique.

The right kit makes all the difference.

If you are getting into swimming or starting up a club check out our Swim Smooth / Finis packs, they contain everything you need to get you up and running with your all round training:


Swim Smooth!

Friday, August 08, 2014

A Technique Session To Focus On Your Stroke Technique Whilst Breathing

Our Animation App
Now On Android!




Upcoming Swim Smooth Clinics / Camps:

Twickenham Video Analysis
Full information here

Lancaster SS Squad
Full information here

Lancaster UK, Video
Analysis Consultations

Full information here

Richmond/Wimbledon Workshops
Full information here

Prague Junior Swim Club
Full information here

West Lothian
Video Analysis

Full information here

Acton Video Analysis
Full information here

Richmond SS Squad
Full information here

Swim/Tri Camps Alicante
All year round
Full information: here

Salisbury 1to1 Analysis
Full information here




For more info on SS Certified Coaches see here
Urgent: SS Perth swimmer (and all round inspiration) Sue Oldham is looking to extend her English Channel Age World Record next week and is urgently looking for some additional support crew for the attempt.

If you are an experienced marathon swimmer or support crew and can get down to Dover to help, please contact Paul Newsome here.





Here's a brilliant technique session that uses a range of drills and techniques to help you improve your stroke technique whilst you are breathing - in particular what your lead arm is doing.

Many intermediate and advanced level swimmers have pretty good stroke technique on a normal stroke but when they breathe significant flaws appear:

swimmer5
straight arm push down
swimmer6
crossover in front of the head
swimmer3
scissor kick and crossover
swimmer4
over-rotation and scissor kick

Even if you are unaware of any flaws in your stroke whilst you breathe, try this session and see how it feels and impacts your stroke. Use the breathing patterns below even if you are a strong single sided breather - you are likely to be surprised at what you discover by doing so (as was Pro Triathlete Joel Jameson)!


Stroke Technique Whilst Breathing

Warmup

500m continuous freestyle as:
100m breathing every 3 strokes
100m breathing every 2 strokes to your least favourite side
100m breathing every 5 strokes
100m breathing every 2 strokes to your least favourite side
100m breathing every 3 strokes

5x 100m with Pull Buoy as: 12½m Scull #1, 12½m Doggy Paddle, 75m freestyle good tempo breathing every 5 strokes.

Main Set

8x 50m with fins as:
25m Unco (right arm breathe left)  + 25m freestyle
25m Unco (left arm breathe right) + 25m freestyle

4x 100 freestyle with pull buoy and paddle on one hand only:
Numbers 1 + 3 Paddle on right hand breathing left
Numbers 2 + 4: Paddle on left hand breathing right

400m continuous freestyle as:
100m breathing every 4 strokes to right
100m breathing every 4 strokes to left
100m breathing every 2 strokes to right
100m breathing every 2 strokes to left

Lastly

2, 3 or 4x 200m as:
1) Fins as 50m Broken Arrow Drill + 50m Freestyle with loose shoulders!
2) Normal freestyle, breathe as you wish
3) Pull Buoy and Paddles, breathe every 5 or 7 strokes
4) Normal freestyle, breathe as you wish

The session on the SS Perth Squad Board

We recommend Finis Freestyler Paddles for use in this session as their unique design gives you feedback on your lead hand's alignment whilst swimming.

If you are unfamiliar with any of the Swim Smooth drills above you can see them on our Stroke Technique DVDs. Also see Scull #1 here and Unco here.

Swim Smooth!

A Technique Session To Focus On Your Stroke Technique Whilst Breathing

Our Animation App
Now On Android!




Upcoming Swim Smooth Clinics / Camps:

Twickenham Video Analysis
Full information here

Lancaster SS Squad
Full information here

Lancaster UK, Video
Analysis Consultations

Full information here

Richmond/Wimbledon Workshops
Full information here

Prague Junior Swim Club
Full information here

West Lothian
Video Analysis

Full information here

Acton Video Analysis
Full information here

Richmond SS Squad
Full information here

Swim/Tri Camps Alicante
All year round
Full information: here

Salisbury 1to1 Analysis
Full information here




For more info on SS Certified Coaches see here
Urgent: SS Perth swimmer (and all round inspiration) Sue Oldham is looking to extend her English Channel Age World Record next week and is urgently looking for some additional support crew for the attempt.

If you are an experienced marathon swimmer or support crew and can get down to Dover to help, please contact Paul Newsome here.





Here's a brilliant technique session that uses a range of drills and techniques to help you improve your stroke technique whilst you are breathing - in particular what your lead arm is doing.

Many intermediate and advanced level swimmers have pretty good stroke technique on a normal stroke but when they breathe significant flaws appear:

swimmer5
straight arm push down
swimmer6
crossover in front of the head
swimmer3
scissor kick and crossover
swimmer4
over-rotation and scissor kick

Even if you are unaware of any flaws in your stroke whilst you breathe, try this session and see how it feels and impacts your stroke. Use the breathing patterns below even if you are a strong single sided breather - you are likely to be surprised at what you discover by doing so (as was Pro Triathlete Joel Jameson)!


Stroke Technique Whilst Breathing

Warmup

500m continuous freestyle as:
100m breathing every 3 strokes
100m breathing every 2 strokes to your least favourite side
100m breathing every 5 strokes
100m breathing every 2 strokes to your least favourite side
100m breathing every 3 strokes

5x 100m with Pull Buoy as: 12½m Scull #1, 12½m Doggy Paddle, 75m freestyle good tempo breathing every 5 strokes.

Main Set

8x 50m with fins as:
25m Unco (right arm breathe left)  + 25m freestyle
25m Unco (left arm breathe right) + 25m freestyle

4x 100 freestyle with pull buoy and paddle on one hand only:
Numbers 1 + 3 Paddle on right hand breathing left
Numbers 2 + 4: Paddle on left hand breathing right

400m continuous freestyle as:
100m breathing every 4 strokes to right
100m breathing every 4 strokes to left
100m breathing every 2 strokes to right
100m breathing every 2 strokes to right

Lastly

2, 3 or 4x 200m as:
1) Fins as 50m Broken Arrow Drill + 50m Freestyle with loose shoulders!
2) Normal freestyle, breathe as you wish
3) Pull Buoy and Paddles, breathe every 5 or 7 strokes
4) Normal freestyle, breathe as you wish

The session on the SS Perth Squad Board

We recommend Finis Freestyler Paddles for use in this session as their unique design gives you feedback on your lead hand's alignment whilst swimming.

If you are unfamiliar with any of the Swim Smooth drills above you can see them on our Stroke Technique DVDs. Also see Scull #1 here and Unco here.


Swim Smooth!

Try This Session Focusing On Your Technique Whilst Breathing

Our Animation App
Now On Android!




Upcoming Swim Smooth Clinics / Camps:

Twickenham Video Analysis
Full information here

Lancaster SS Squad
Full information here

Lancaster UK, Video
Analysis Consultations

Full information here

Richmond/Wimbledon Workshops
Full information here

Prague Junior Swim Club
Full information here

West Lothian
Video Analysis

Full information here

Acton Video Analysis
Full information here

Richmond SS Squad
Full information here

Swim/Tri Camps Alicante
All year round
Full information: here

Salisbury 1to1 Analysis
Full information here




For more info on SS Certified Coaches see here
Here's a technique session to try the next time you swim that uses a range of drills and techniques to help you improve your stroke technique whilst you are breathing - particularly what your lead arm is doing.

Many intermediate and advanced level swimmers have pretty good stroke technique on a normal stroke but when they breathe significant flaws appear:

swimmer5straight arm push down
swimmer6crossover in front of the head
swimmer3scissor kick and crossover
swimmer4over-rotation and scissor kick

Even if you are unaware of any flaws in your stroke whilst you breathe, swim this session and see how it feels and impacts your stroke. Also try the various breathing patterns even if you are very one sided in your stroke - you are likely to be surprised at what you find (as was Pro Triathlete Joel Jameson)!

#add image of session on the board#

Warmup

500m continuous freestyle as:
100m breathing every 3 strokes
100m breathing every 2 strokes to your least favourite side
100m breathing every 5 strokes
100m breathing every 2 strokes to your least favourite side
100m breathing every 3 strokes

5x 100m with Pull Buoy as: 12½m Scull #1, 12½m Doggy Paddle, 75m freestyle good tempo breathing every 5 strokes.

#paul i merged the 25 & 50m freestyle to make more versatile for pool length#

Main Set

8x 50m with fins as:
25m Unco (right arm breathe left)  + 25m freestyle
25m Unco (left arm breathe right) + 25m freestyle

4x 100 freestyle with pull buoy and paddle on one hand only:
Numbers 1 + 3 Paddle on right hand breathing left
Numbers 2 + 4: Paddle on left hand breathing right

400m continuous freestyle as:
100m breathing every 4 strokes to right
100m breathing every 4 strokes to left
100m breathing every 2 strokes to right
100m breathing every 2 strokes to right

###can't read title for this section on board on twitter post##

2, 3 or 4x 200m as:
1) Fins as 50m Broken Arrow Drill + 50m Freestyle with loose shoulders!
2) Normal freestyle, breathe as you wish
3) Pull Buoy and Paddles, breathe every 5 or 7 strokes
4) Normal freestyle, breathe as you wish

If you are unfamiliar with any of the Swim Smooth drills above you can see them on our Stroke Technique DVDs. Also see Scull #1 here and Unco here.

We recommend Finis Freestyler Paddles for use in this session as their unique design gives you feedback on your lead hand's alignment whilst swimming.

Swim Smooth!

Friday, August 01, 2014

Drafting - Swimming Faster For Free

Our Animation App
Now On Android!




Upcoming Swim Smooth Clinics / Camps:

Salisbury 1to1 Analysis
Full information here

Twickenham Video Analysis
Full information here

Lancaster SS Squad
Full information here

Lancaster UK, Video
Analysis Consultations

Full information here

Richmond/Wimbledon Workshops
Full information here

Prague Junior Swim Club
Full information here

West Lothian
Video Analysis

Full information here

Acton Video Analysis
Full information here

Richmond SS Squad
Full information here

Swim/Tri Camps Alicante
All year round
Full information: here




For more info on SS Certified Coaches see here
In last week's blog we reviewed the swimming legs of the Commonwealth Games Triathlons. As we saw from the healthy discussion in the comments thread of that post, many swimmers are initially sceptical about the benefits of drafting before they've properly developed their own drafting skills and experienced the time and energy savings on offer first hand.

In this week's post we're going to look at a further example of successful drafting, see what the scientific research says and give some practical tips to help you develop your own drafting skills. If you are currently unconvinced about how much you have to gain from swimming effectively alongside and behind other swimmers then this post is for you!

Medal Winning Drafting By Richard Murray

Without Richard Murray's drafting skills (third from left) the
 Aussies (right) would have beaten South Africa to the silver medal.
If you watched the Commonwealth Games Triathlons you will have noticed all of the medalists in the field drafting extensively both in the swim and on the bike. Silver and Bronze medallist Richard Murray from South Africa knew when he dived into the water at Strathclyde Park he must hang onto the feet of Australian Ryan Bailie during the final leg of the team relay in order to secure the silver medal for his country.

In the individual medal event Richard lost nearly a minute to Ryan over 1500m. Over the shorter 300m team relay swim he was laser-focused in staying on Ryan's feet for the whole swim, allowing South Africa to go on and trump Australia for the silver medal by just 3 seconds at the end of the race. Richard showed impeccable drafting skills but it's important to appreciate that they weren't god-given to him, he developed them through hard work and persistent practise with his coach Joel Filliol:

Richard Murray (top left) drafts Ryan Bailie (right) during
the Team Relay race.
Swim Smooth's Head Coach Paul Newsome: "I have worked with both athletes on their swimming and can categorically state that Ryan is a significantly better swimmer than Richard and yet we placed massive emphasis on Richard being able to draft well. Technically he’s a good swimmer and you’d be hard-pressed to find anyone fitter than him, but could he draft when I first met him? Not very well at all - in fact he even actively avoided the “rough and tumble” and sought out clear water. The events in Glasgow show he's completed the transformation - great work Richard and Joel!"

If you are in the UK or Australia you can watch the race here:

UK: BBC iPlayer
Australia: Ten Play

The final swim leg we are discussing starts at 56 minutes race time.

What The Science Says

If you enjoy a scientific approach to your swimming, here's our round-up of the conclusions of six key studies into the benefits of drafting:

Chatard & Wilson (2003)1 found: “Oxygen uptake, heart rate, blood lactate, rating of perceived exertion, and stroke rate were significantly reduced …in all drafting positions compared with the non-drafting position. Optimal drafting swimming distance was at 0 or 50 cm behind a leader reducing by 11–38% the metabolic response of the draftee."

Delextrat et al. (2003)2 found that "Drafting in swimming results in a demonstrable improvement in subsequent pedalling technique and efficiency in cycling."

"Drafting in swimming and cycling may result in a better tactical approach to increase the overall performance in elite Olympic distance triathlons." (Bentley et al., 2002)3.

Novices practising drafting at a recent Swim
Smooth Open Water Training Day
It’s also been shown that "Drafting continuously behind a lead cyclist allowed triathletes to save a significant amount of energy during the bike leg of a sprint triathlon and created the conditions for an improved running performance." (Hausswirth et al. 2001)5.

Additionally, "Fast runners seemed to benefit most from drafting during cycling." (Hausswirth et al., 1999)4.

"For the running split in short-distance triathlon, appropriate pacing appeared to play a key role in high-level triathlon performance." (Le Meur et al., 2009)6.

The studies measure energy consumption and performance improvement in a variety of ways but all show a significant benefit from drafting whilst swimming (and of course cycling too).

Drafting whilst swimming is perfectly legal and ethical in triathlon and most open water swim races so whatever your swimming ability give this important skill a go - once you've cracked it and felt the difference you'll wish you'd tried it sooner!

Developing Your Drafting Skills

Drafting is a skill that anyone can learn and become comfortable performing. The key is to practise it often in training so that when races come around it feels natural and comfortable whatever the conditions.

Get together with some friends or training partners and try these methods, you'll be amazed how simple drafting is when you've got a feel for it. If you don't have good access to an open water venue the good news is that you can practise these skills very well in the pool too.

In-Line Drafting


• A simple way to draft and an excellent place to start.
• Swim as close as you can - no more than 50cm behind the lead swimmer’s toes.
• Try swimming with a slightly wider arm entry and catch if you find you keep tapping the lead swimmer's toes.
• Stay in a nice rhythm and feel the draft.
• Don't rely on the lead swimmer - regularly sight forwards yourself to make sure you're staying on course!

Arrow Head Drafting


• A more advanced skill.
• Shown to have a greater energy saving than drafting on the toes (Chatard & Wilson, 2003)1.
• Allows you to keep an eye on your direction and competitors.
• Breathe in towards the lead swimmer with your head in line with their hip so you can accurately judge the gap between you. This is a time when breathing to one side only can be strategically advantageous.
• Stay as close as you can get to keep within the lead swimmer's wake.
• If possible, synchronise your stroke with the lead swimmer to avoid clashing arms.

Of course if you have a group of three or more people in front then jump on the back of the group in the middle. Get it right as we seen Rick and Lisa doing here and you get a draft from several swimmers at once and gain an even bigger advantage:


When you practise these skills you'll immediately notice how stochastic things feel as you need to adjust your own pace and position continually to stay in the draft. Drafting requires constant focus and concentration but it is well worth the extra mental effort due to the huge performance gains on offer. So next time you’re competing and you spot some fast feet passing you, surge and jump on their hip or toes and watch your race times improve with no extra effort!

Swim Smooth!

1 CHATARD, J.-C., and B. WILSON. Drafting Distance in Swimming. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 35, No. 7, pp. 1176–1181, 2003

2 Delextrat A, Tricot V, Bernard T, Vercruyssen F, Hausswirth C, Brisswalter J. Drafting during swimming improves efficiency during subsequent cycling. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35:1612–1619. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000084422.49491.2C.

3 Bentley DJ, Millet GP, Vleck VE, McNaughton LR. Specific aspects of contemporary triathlon: implications for physiological analysis and performance. Sports Med. 2002;32:1–15. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200232060-00001.

4 Hausswirth C, Lehénaff D, Dréano P, Savonen K. Effects of cycling alone or in a sheltered position on subsequent running performance during a triathlon. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999;31:599–604. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199904000-00018.

5 Hausswirth C, Vallier JM, Lehenaff D, Brisswalter J, Smith D, Millet G, Dreano P. Effect of two drafting modalities in cycling on running performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33:485–492. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200103000-00023.

6 Le Meur Y, Hausswirth C, Dorel S, Bignet F, Brisswalter J, Bernard T. Influence of gender on pacing adopted by elite triathletes during a competition. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009;106:535–545. doi: 10.1007/s00421-009-1043-4.

Drafting - Swimming Faster For Free

Our Animation App
Now On Android!




Upcoming Swim Smooth Clinics / Camps:

Salisbury 1to1 Analysis
Full information here

Twickenham Video Analysis
Full information here

Lancaster SS Squad
Full information here

Lancaster UK, Video
Analysis Consultations

Full information here

Richmond/Wimbledon Workshops
Full information here

Prague Junior Swim Club
Full information here

West Lothian
Video Analysis

Full information here

Acton Video Analysis
Full information here

Richmond SS Squad
Full information here

Swim/Tri Camps Alicante
All year round
Full information: here




For more info on SS Certified Coaches see here
In last week's blog we reviewed the swimming legs of the Commonwealth Games Triathlons. As we saw from the healthy discussion in the comments thread of the post, many swimmers are initially sceptical about the benefits of drafting before they've properly developed their own drafting skills and experienced the time and energy savings on offer first hand.

In this week's post we're going to look at another further example of successful drafting, see what the scientific research says and give some practical tips to help you develop your own drafting skills. If you are currently unconvinced yourself about the benefits of swimming behind other swimmers then this is for you!

Critical Drafting By Richard Murray

Without Richard Murray's drafting skills (third from left) the
 Aussies (right) would have beaten South Africa to the silver medal.
If you watched the Commonwealth Games Triathlons you will have noticed all of the medalists in the field drafting extensively both in the swim and on the bike. Silver and Bronze medallist Richard Murray from South Africa knew when he dived into the water at Strathclyde Park he must hang onto the feet of Australian Ryan Bailie during the final leg of the triathlon team relay in order to secure the silver medal for his country.

In the individual event Richard lost nearly a minute to Ryan over 1500m. Over the shorter 300m team relay swim he was laser-focused in staying on Ryan's feet for the whole swim, allowing South Africa to go on and trump Australia for the silver medal by just 3 seconds at the finish of the race. Richard showed impeccable drafting skills but it's important to appreciate that he developed them through hard work and persistent practise with his coach Joel Filliol, they weren't god given to him.

Richard's performances in Glasgow are a real showcase of the benefits of drafting - it's a technique which allows you to swim behind a significantly faster swimmer than yourself and get swept along with them or behind someone of the same speed and save huge amounts of energy.

What The Science Says

If you enjoy a scientific approach to your swimming, here's our round-up of the conclusions of six key studies into the benefits of drafting:

Chatard & Wilson (2003)1 found: “Oxygen uptake, heart rate, blood lactate, rating of perceived exertion, and stroke rate were significantly reduced …in all drafting positions compared with the non-drafting position. Optimal drafting swimming distance was at 0 or 50 cm behind a leader reducing by 11–38% the metabolic response of the draftee."

Delextrat et al. (2003)2 found that drafting in swimming results in a demonstrable improvement in subsequent pedalling technique and efficiency in cycling.

Drafting in swimming and cycling may result in a better tactical approach to increase the overall performance in elite Olympic distance triathlons (Bentley et al., 2002)3.

Novices practising drafting at a recent Swim
Smooth Open Water Training Day
It’s also been shown that drafting continuously behind a lead cyclist allowed triathletes to save a significant amount of energy during the bike leg of a sprint triathlon and created the conditions for an improved running performance (Hausswirth et al. 2001)5.

Additionally, fast runners seemed to benefit most from drafting during cycling (Hausswirth et al., 1999)4. For the running split in short-distance triathlon, appropriate pacing appeared to play a key role in high-level triathlon performance (Le Meur et al., 2009)6.

#Annie are the last four direct quotes? - it would look good to use quotes around the exact words if possible.#

The studies measure energy consumption and performance improvement in different ways but all show a significant benefit from drafting whilst swimming (and of course cycling too). So whatever your swimming ability give it a go - once you've cracked it and felt the difference you'll wish you'd tried it sooner!

Drafting whilst swimming is perfectly legal and ethical in triathlon and most open water swim races so make sure you make the most of it and maximise the gains on offer to you.

Developing Your Drafting Skills

Drafting is a skill that anyone can learn and become comfortable performing. The key is to practise it often in training so that when races come around it feels natural and comfortable whatever the conditions.

Get together with some friends or training partners and try the techniques below, you'll be amazed how simple it really is when you've got a feel for it. If you don't have good access to an open water venue the good news is that you can practise these skills very well in the pool too.

In-Line Drafting


• A simple way to draft and an excellent place to start.
• Swim as close as you can - no more than 50cm behind the lead swimmer’s toes.
• Try swimming with slightly wider arm entry and catch if you find you keep tapping the lead swimmer's toes.
• Stay in a nice rhythm and feel the draft.
• Don't rely on the lead swimmer - regularly sight forwards yourself to make sure you're staying on course!

Arrow Head Drafting


• A more advanced skill.
• Shown to have a greater energy saving than drafting on the toes (Chatard & Wilson, 2003)1.
• Allows you to keep an eye on your direction and competitors.
• Breathe in towards the lead swimmer with your head in line with their hip so you can accurately judge the gap between you. This is a time when breathing to one side only can be strategically advantageous.
• Stay as close as you can get to keep within the lead swimmer's wake.
• If possible, synchronise your stroke with the lead swimmer to avoid clashing arms.

Of course if you have a group of three or more people in front then jump on the back of the group in the middle. Get it right as we seen Rick and Lisa doing here and you get a draft from several swimmers at once and really get swept along:


When you practise these skills you'll immediately notice how stochastic things feel as you need to adjust your own pace and position continually to stay in the draft. Drafting requires constant focus and concentration but it is well worth the extra mental effort due to the huge performance gains on offer. So next time you’re competing and you spot some fast feet passing you, surge and jump on their hip or toes and watch your race times improve with no extra effort!

Swim Smooth!

1 CHATARD, J.-C., and B. WILSON. Drafting Distance in Swimming. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 35, No. 7, pp. 1176–1181, 2003

2 Delextrat A, Tricot V, Bernard T, Vercruyssen F, Hausswirth C, Brisswalter J. Drafting during swimming improves efficiency during subsequent cycling. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35:1612–1619. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000084422.49491.2C.

3 Bentley DJ, Millet GP, Vleck VE, McNaughton LR. Specific aspects of contemporary triathlon: implications for physiological analysis and performance. Sports Med. 2002;32:1–15. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200232060-00001.

4 Hausswirth C, Lehénaff D, Dréano P, Savonen K. Effects of cycling alone or in a sheltered position on subsequent running performance during a triathlon. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999;31:599–604. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199904000-00018.

5 Hausswirth C, Vallier JM, Lehenaff D, Brisswalter J, Smith D, Millet G, Dreano P. Effect of two drafting modalities in cycling on running performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33:485–492. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200103000-00023.

6 Le Meur Y, Hausswirth C, Dorel S, Bignet F, Brisswalter J, Bernard T. Influence of gender on pacing adopted by elite triathletes during a competition. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009;106:535–545. doi: 10.1007/s00421-009-1043-4.